Mobility systems form the lifeline of economic and social development of cities – they enable economic, social and cultural exchange and connect urban centres to the bioregion and the rest of the country. However, with rapid urbanization, the transport sector is the fastest growing consumer of fossil fuels and the fastest growing source of CO2 emissions, currently accounting for about 23 percent of global CO2 emissions from fuel combustion. In many cities, local air pollution already reached dangerous levels for human health, and traffic congestion comes with horrendous economic costs.
This calls for shifting towards sustainable transport solutions: systems that are low-carbon, emphasise quality of life and yet foster economic growth. Multiple, mutually reinforcing trends in mobility, land use planning and transformation of energy need to be fostered to transform mobility in cities.
Furthermore, to achieve zero-carbon transportation by 2050, cities must adopt a comprehensive approach that also includes the planning, design and development of urban centres.
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Optimizing demand refers to changing how passengers use the transit system, by decreasing the demand for transit, moving trips away from peak times, or moving trips onto shared transport modes.
Aside from being absolutely essential for a carbon-neutral pathway, there is a significant benefit for health in neighbourhoods that promote walking and cyclin, as it is the case for the example of Hammarby Sjöstad.
Cities and neighbourhoods can promote the adoption of electric vehicles through preferential treatment such as designated driving lanes or parking areas, subsidies, zero emission zones and easy-to-find charging.
The successful integration of shared and automated mobility services with transit, walking and cycling could help reduce energy use and carbon emissions.
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