Smart technologies are a powerful tool to optimize the infrastructure, resources and spaces they share. Progress toward increased digital transformation (digital technologies, concepts and trends such as Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, and the fourth industrial revolution) is made possible by advances in data, data analytics including deep learning and pattern recognition by AI, and connectivity.

Smart cities add digital intelligence to existing urban systems and generate oceans of real time data. Finding patterns and insights in all of this data with deep learning helps municipal governments to allocate resources wisely, respond to fluid situations, and plan for the future.

Digital technologies are already widely used in the end-use sectors of energy, with potentially the large-scale deployment of transformative technologies. However, policy development needs to consider drivers to positive and negative outcomes, and how to influence them: digital transformation will have uncertain impacts on buildings and transport carbon emissions depending on rebound effects and public policies.

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